The Role of Total Quality Management in Achieving Entrepreneurship in Yemeni Pharmaceutical Companies - Municipality of Sana'a

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the role of applying Total Quality Management (TQM) with its dimensions (Top Management Support, Employee Involvement, Customer Focus, Continuous Improvement, Training) in achieving Entrepreneurship with its dimensions (Proactiveness, Risk-Taking, Innovativeness, Creativity) in Yemeni pharmaceutical companies operating in the capital, Sana'a. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical approach. Data was collected via a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose and distributed to the study population, which consisted of all employees in the quality departments of nine pharmaceutical companies. A total of (139) questionnaires were distributed, with (123) retrieved. Of these, (114) were valid for analysis, yielding a response rate of (82%). Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) through a set of statistical methods, including correlation analysis, linear regression, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study yielded several key findings:

The application level of TQM in the pharmaceutical companies was high at (73.27%), while the level of entrepreneurship was (69.3%), reflecting a moderate level of entrepreneurial practices. The "Continuous Improvement" dimension ranked first in terms of application, while the "Employee Involvement" dimension ranked last. Regression analysis revealed a strong, statistically significant causal relationship between TQM and entrepreneurship, with TQM explaining (76.3%) of the variance in entrepreneurship. All five TQM dimensions demonstrated a positive and statistically significant impact on entrepreneurship. The dimensions of "Customer Focus," "Employee Involvement," and "Top Management Support" were identified as the most influential in achieving entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the study showed no statistically significant differences in the respondents' perceptions of TQM's role in achieving entrepreneurship attributable to the demographic variables (gender, age, educational qualification, years of service). However, significant differences were found attributable to the "job title" variable, in favor of department managers, reflecting their higher awareness of the impact of TQM in promoting entrepreneurship in Yemeni pharmaceutical companies.