Journal of Yemen Academy for Graduate Studies
type: channel
description: A peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to publishing original scholarly research in Administrative Sciences, Finance and Accounting, Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, English Literature and Computer Science. Committed to rigorous academic standards and double-blind peer review, first published in 2018, the journal maintains regular biannual publication (every six months) under the auspices of the Yemeni Academy for Graduate Studies. The journal strives to advance scientific research excellence, foster intellectual discourse across humanities disciplines and welcome scholarly submissions from domestic and international researchers <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; color: #404040; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Publication Languages: Arabic and English
publisher: الأكاديمية اليمنية للدراسات العليا
language: en
publication name: Journal of Yemen Academy for Graduate Studies
issn: 2663-9610
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items: Translation Profession in Yemen in Light of Recent Technological Developments: Challenges and Responses to the Use of CAT Tools by Translators
items: Role of Banks in Combating Money Laundry Crimes in the Yemeni Law
items: The Role of Digital Transformation in Improving the Performance of Private Universities in the Republic of Yemen From the Point of View of Academic Leaders
items: Freedom of Media to Ensure the Integrity of Election in Accordance with International Standards
items: The National Strategy suggested for Customs Smuggling Compact: applied study on Customs Enforcement-Yemeni Customs authority
items: Export Promotion and Its Role in Economic Development in the Republic of Yemen During (2001 – 2014)
items: The Destructive Role of the Unconscious in Khalid Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed
items: Polygamy in Islam: An Obligatory Duty or a Permitted Marital Option
items: Mimation and Nunation: A Comparative Phonetic Study
items: Outcomes of the National Dialogue Conference in Yemen: Between Agreement and Disagreement: An Analytical Reading of the Political Forces' Visions on the Form of the State
items: Features of Sound Administrative Governance in Nahj Al-Blagaha by Imam Ali: An Analytical Study
items: The role of the administrative judge in proving administrative disputes and their effects: a comparative study
items: Compulsory arbitration and its impact on settling labor disputes in Yemeni legislation
items: Estimating the elbow error in light of administrative judiciary rulings: a comparative study
items: The Role of Finance in Rationalizing Public Spending: An Applied Study of the Ministry of Finance in the Republic of Yemen
items: ENHANCED VERTUAL OUTPUT QUEUE MANAGEMENT FOR SLOTTED WDM OPTICAL RING NETWORK
items: Osborne's Look Back in Anger: Lamenting the Downfall of the British Empire
items: Nature of Prefixes in Arabic: A Proposed Classification
items: Influence of Culture on Participation in Decision-Making Processes: A Comparative Study between Yemeni and English Universities and Firms
items: Local Governance in Yemen: Six Decades of Disarray
items: The ruling on credit cards in Islamic law
items: The war on Yemen: between the justice of the cause and the extent of human suffering
items: The role of the balanced scorecard in evaluating the performance of banks (a field study on Al-Karimi Bank)
items: The Expected Between the Sunnah and the New Rumor: A Study in Islamic Political Thought
items: Mobility Prediction Scheme for Wireless Cellular Networks
items: Tradition and the Politics of Interpretation: A Study on Islamic Hermeneutics and its Role in (Re)shaping Our Realities Today
items: Challenging the Center: Writing Back to the Canon with Specific Reference to Tayeb Saleh’s Season of Migration to the North and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
items: Applying the principle of Islamic Sharia as the source of all legislation: justifications and controls (an original study)
items: Military Intervention Under the Rules of International Law: Yemen as a Model
items: The Arab Spring revolutions and their role in creating a culture of political extremism among young people (a case study of Yemen)

Translation Profession in Yemen in Light of Recent Technological Developments: Challenges and Responses to the Use of CAT Tools by Translators
type: item
description: This paper aims to investigate the challenges of using modern translation technology by translators in Yemen and their responses to these recent developments. It particularly explores the challenges of using CAT tools, the factors that determine the adoption of these tools, and their impact on translators’ performance. To achieve these objectives, the study followed a mixed quantitative and qualitative method of inquiry. The study population included all translators in Sana’a city, Yemen. A questionnaire was administrated to a sample of 66 translators who were selected randomly. The collected data was processed through SPSS program and then analyzed. The results revealed that (87.7%) of the sample showed some awareness of CAT tools; and (54.4%) of the sample are using the programs and their attitudes were largely positive, while 45.6% of the participants do not use CAT tools. The results also showed factors that motivate translators to use CAT tools to facilitate their work, improve their performance, increase productivity and enhance the quality of translation products. The study concludes that translators’ responses to the use of CAT tools on their work was largely positive, while those translators who use CAT tools encounter various challenges. The study also concludes with a set of recommendations for translators, agencies, and universities the most important of which are related to integrating modern translation technology in the curricula of translation programs and conducting workshops, training courses and conferences on CAT Tools to increase awareness among translators and help them to improve their performance and the quality of their translations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Machine translation
  topic: keywords
subject: translation difficulties
  topic: keywords
subject: translation
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibraheem N. A. Tagaddeen
creator: Bothina Dhiyazan Numan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 317
ending page: 349

Role of Banks in Combating Money Laundry Crimes in the Yemeni Law
type: item
description: In fact, money laundering was not criminalized by the Yemeni legislation and other legislators in many countries, as criminalization was confined to illegal activities that results in illegal money subject to laundering. Hence, because of the danger of money laundering on economic, security, political and social aspects, it became necessary to put in place a special legislation to criminalize such activity and punish the perpetrator. This terminology has been circulated in all local, regional and international forums interested in economic crimes because of the new world order called globalization, which led to liberalizing markets, increase mobility of economic activity, freeing foreign trade and capital transfer between countries without financial and administrative restrictions. This phenomenon has been accompanied by an influx of funds resulting from illegal activities that the perpetrators seek to hide their source to avoid confiscation, by carrying out fictitious economic activities. Such activity poses a great threat to local and international investment and harms the credibility of well-known economic foundations. Reliance to detect those crimes was focused primarily on the banks in which the movement of those funds revolved. Therefore, the aim of this study is to clarify the role of banks in monitoring money laundering and methods of its control, and indicate the most appropriate legal means to punish money laundering in light of the relevant laws. At the end, the study provided a number of conclusions and recommendations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Money laundering
  topic: keywords
subject: crime control
  topic: keywords
subject: organized crime
  topic: keywords
creator: Moneer Mohammed AL-Jubee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 213
ending page: 273

The Role of Digital Transformation in Improving the Performance of Private Universities in the Republic of Yemen From the Point of View of Academic Leaders
type: item
description: This study aims to identify the concept of digital transformation as perceived in private universities in the Republic of Yemen, highlight its importance, its benefits and tools, and to know the direction of private universities regarding digital transformation in education, It also aims to highlight the role of digital transformation in the development of private universities. The study found through a sample of private universities located in Sana’a city, that private universities in Yemen do not pay much attention to the organizational and human requirements for digital transformation. It also revealed lack of support of administrative leaders in those universities for digital transformation, with limited attention in the strategic plan for digital transformation in addition to weak technical infrastructure. The study recommended the necessity of supporting digital transformation by leaders in private universities, and increase interest in its technical requirements as well as providing a high-speed and broadband internet network in university campuses.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital
  topic: keywords
subject: digital transformation
  topic: keywords
subject: higher education
  topic: keywords
subject: universities
  topic: keywords
subject: Yemeni private universities
  topic: keywords
creator: Nayed Sultan Sallam Al-Mshreky
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 173
ending page: 210

Freedom of Media to Ensure the Integrity of Election in Accordance with International Standards
type: item
description: The importance of freedom of the mass media to ensure integrity of elections in accordance with international standards comes primarily because of its connection to democracy, and its role in building the modern state based on preserving the individual’s rights and freedoms. The issue relates also to the relationship between elections, which are the mechanism and image - in which democracy is embodied - and Freedom of the media in elections and the role of the media in ensuring the integrity of elections in light of international standards whether binding or indicative, codified by the international civil society institutions, or the product of the internal experiences in countries that took the lead in practicing democracy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Integrity of elections
  topic: keywords
subject: elections
  topic: keywords
subject: freedom of elections
  topic: keywords
creator: Fouad Abdulghani Saif Al-Mekhlafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 133
ending page: 169

The National Strategy suggested for Customs Smuggling Compact: applied study on Customs Enforcement-Yemeni Customs authority
type: item
description: The main objective of this study is to examine the role of National Strategy suggested for Customs smuggling compact, as to limit smuggling affects on Customs revenues, and health affects causing people's concerns other chronical diseases. the importance of the study is based on examining the current situation for smuggling activities through analysing the main factors contributed to the high spread of smuggling activities, and their related ways and methods in which goods and equipment sintered into the Yemeni markets without passing through customs ports and offices without paying customs and tax duties, or inspecting the imported goods for quality and standardization perspectives. in achieving the study objective concerning the national Strategy suggested for compacting custom smuggling, it relies on a sample of (103), representing all customs officers heading department and above in the hierarchy to collect all needed data related to current role for customs compact, and the components of the national strategy suggested for compact smuggling, all of which then analysed leading to the findings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Customs evasion
  topic: keywords
subject: consumption of goods
  topic: keywords
subject: border crossings
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrazaq M. Almarani
creator: Adel M. Othman
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 77
ending page: 130

Export Promotion and Its Role in Economic Development in the Republic of Yemen During (2001 – 2014)
type: item
description: The study dealt with the importance of exports and their role in achieving economic development and in supporting economic stability. The study also discussed the development of investment and savings in the Republic of Yemen, in addition to using the three gaps model to estimate the three gaps that restrict investment and growth represented by the savings gap, trade gap (foreign exchange) and the financial gap. The study addressed the most important tangible exports (agricultural and fisheries exports, oil and gas exports), intangible exports (tourism receipts and expatriate remittances), and the problems that limit its ability to increase foreign exchange flows, and means of its development, using the descriptive and analytical approach in the study. the study concluded that exports have an important role in economic development, through increasing foreign exchange flows needed to finance investment projects. The study also concluded that the savings gap was the ruling gap during the years 2002 and 2003, while the three gaps achieved a surplus during the years 2001, 2004, 2005, and the trade (foreign exchange) gap was the ruling and restricting gap for investment and growth during the period 2006-2014, which means that foreign exchange flows were the ruling restriction on investment in the Republic of Yemen. Hence, it is necessary to pay attention to the development of foreign exchange sources so that the country could achieve its economic and social development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: exports
  topic: keywords
subject: economic development
  topic: keywords
subject: investment
  topic: keywords
subject: savings
  topic: keywords
subject: savings gap
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Saif Kolaib
creator: Ebtesam A. Awadh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 5
ending page: 74

The Destructive Role of the Unconscious in Khalid Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed
type: item
description: This paper is about the role of the unconscious, a psychoanalytic concept, in shaping the life of Abdullah in Khaled Hosseini’s And The Mountains Echoed. This study simply examines the destructive effect the unconscious does possess on the lives of human beings and how it is strong enough to ruin and dominate people’s life, if not controlled by the unconscious, from the beginning till the end, as in Abdullah’s case. The main two characters in And The Mountains Echoed suffer from some forced separation and loss of interconnectedness, the ghost of which haunts the life of poor Abdullah leading him to live an irritable and unstable life. This study proves that the unconscious can recall and interact with repressed memories when time and life could have by far erased and healed wounds left by past memories, if fought and accepted, as the human being grows older, wiser and stronger. Yet, the alerted painful memories are activated and start to interact with the present life details and memories. Hence, it is difficult for the human being to separate past from present as this leads to living the painful past events once again but with the older version of the self.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: unconscious
  topic: keywords
subject: memories
  topic: keywords
subject: psychoanalysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Hosseini
  topic: keywords
creator: Ghadeer Ahmed Al-Obal
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 307
ending page: 332

Polygamy in Islam: An Obligatory Duty or a Permitted Marital Option
type: item
description: This study presents the linguistic and terminological definition of polygamy, its ruling, evidence of its legitimacy and conditions. Is polygamy an absolute obligation in marriage, or is it sufficient to have one woman only? It also introduces the definition of Alwajib Alkfai (non-obligatory duty) and the Muslim scholars’ response to the claims of the followers of the Western intellectual invasion. The study attempts also to highlight the appropriate method that helps in solving the increasing problem of spinsterhood, showing how men can be convinced to have polygamy, and how the first wife can be convinced to accept that the presence of a second wife would be in her favour and not against her. The study also explores the reasons that have led to the increase in the number of unmarried women, including the following: 1- The natural increase in the number of females over males, which results in the increase in spinsterhood. 2- The death of men in wars, which increases the number of widows. 3- The majority of women are ready for marriage, while the majority of men are not. 4- The increasing rate of divorce cases. 5- The living (economic) conditions of men. 6- Women are competing men in public and private jobs, which leads to increasing the rate of unemployment among men. As a result, men become incapable to propose to the woman’s guardian.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: man and woman
  topic: keywords
subject: Public jobs
  topic: keywords
subject: work
  topic: keywords
subject: polygamy
  topic: keywords
creator: Sultan Abdulhameed Ahmed Al-Sabaeei
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 263
ending page: 276

Mimation and Nunation: A Comparative Phonetic Study
type: item
description: This research aims to address the phenomenon of mimation existed in the Ancient Yemen Language Inscriptions. It seeks to compare between it and the nunation phenomenon of Standard Arabic Language Literature. The research has benefited from the Semitic languages – or the languages of the Arabian Peninsula –which highlight both branches of Arabic Language phenomena. The research also focuses on the definitions of nunation and mimation, noting the close phonetic connection between (m) and (n) phonemes, with mentioning which one of the morphemes has the precedency in linguistic use, referencing to noun mimation and nunation cases, Elision and epenthesis places, and semantic origin. All this will be based on the available inscriptions, supported by the available data of the Semitic studies, especially that data which was provided by the Standard Arabic language studies on the phenomenon of nunation. The research reached at a number of conclusions, of which the following are the most significant: Mimation is similar to nunation. Their similarity is enhanced in their phonetic aspect, depending on the extent of alteration existing between (m) and (n) sounds. Furthermore, mimation is more precedent than nunation, as evidenced by its presence in the Semitic Language as of its earliest origin. In view of noun mimation and nunation, the research has found linguistic evidence that assert the close connection between both two Arabic Language versions in noun mimation and nunation. The places of mimation and nunation elision are almost the same. Although there has not been adequate study for Ancient Yemeni Language linguistic phenomena, the research has found, while researching mimation and nunation parts, confirmed instances of mimation parts which are consistent with nunation parts. The research also found unconfirmed instances or instances that lack further linguistic evidence, especially in the field of poetry. On the semantic aspect of mimation and nunation usage, the researc…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mimation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nunation
  topic: keywords
subject: Semitic Languages
  topic: keywords
subject: Morpheme
  topic: keywords
subject: Phoneme
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibtisam Hussein Al-Mutawakel
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 237
ending page: 260

Outcomes of the National Dialogue Conference in Yemen: Between Agreement and Disagreement: An Analytical Reading of the Political Forces' Visions on the Form of the State
type: item
description: Dialogue is a smooth way that informs you of the different opinions. Yemenis have resorted to dialogue as a response to continue their lives, including indulging in the National Dialogue Conference launched on 18/3/2013. Political parties participated in the conference through 565 participants who presented their views about the most important political issues. Discussions focused on the political, administrative and electoral aspects of the state that would be acceptable. This study shows that the form of the new state would not come from emulating other country's experience, but from creating an appropriate form of the modern Yemeni State. This study has raised a number of questions about the form of the state, including visions of various political parties participating in the conference, common grounds and disputes, related reasons that prevented reaching an agreement and the external influence that led to aborting the conference. The study investigated discussions on an acceptable electoral system and the future outlook into the political life in Yemen. The structure of the study is laid out as follows: - Section 1: introduction and methodology of the study. - Section 2: vision of the political parties on the form of the state. - Section 3: analysis of the above mentioned visions. - Section 4: creating an acceptable form of the state, reasons preventing a political agreement and last the conclusion and way forward.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: National Dialogue
  topic: keywords
subject: Agreement and disagreement
  topic: keywords
subject: Political forces
  topic: keywords
subject: Form of state
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Mutahar Al-Othrubi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 205
ending page: 234

Features of Sound Administrative Governance in Nahj Al-Blagaha by Imam Ali: An Analytical Study
type: item
description: This study aims to highlight the sound administrative governance in the Islamic thought of Imam Ali as manifested in Nahig Al- Blagaha, and more specifically in Al-ahd, which is a testament submitted to Malek Ibn Al-hareth Al-nahkeei known as Al-Ashtar when appointed to rule Egypt after the chaotic period of Mohammed Bin Ibi Bakr. The items of Al-Ahd were closely analyzed in such a way as to figure out the principles and bases of sound administrative governance based on Imam Ali’s experience in governance as a caliph and ruler of a very vast state. Actually Al-Ahd was an endeavor to outline the sound administrative governance during an era in Islamic history featured by its complexities, similar to the political situation the Islamic and Arab world is going through. Some of the modern international forms of sound governance have been studied and discussed, and comparisons were made with AL-Ahd in Nahj Al-Balagah; to see that they do not differ from Al-Ahd’s. However, Al-Ahd’s items prove far better as they include the principles of sound administrative governance of today's political systems. This study employs a comparative analytical methodology as it compares the items of Nahj Al-Balagah and those of the present time. The study comes up with the following results that there are many concepts and terminology in our Islamic heritage, which if studied closely and applied correctly will solve most our today's administrative and political issues. The principles that systemize the relationship between the ruler and the people on the different layers of governance could be extracted in the different aspects of life i-e economically, socially; thus ensures sustainable development featured by equality and the well-being of the community. The present study recommends restudying the political Islamic heritage subjectively to dig up the principles of sound administrative governance in the Arab World. This will establish for a comprehensive political Islamic system that manif…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nahj al-Balagha
  topic: keywords
subject: Good governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Administrative Governance
  topic: keywords
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Naji Ali Al-Sanaee
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 165
ending page: 202

The role of the administrative judge in proving administrative disputes and their effects: a comparative study
type: item
description: In legislation related to administrative articles, proof has a special character represented in having the administration as a primary party in and administrative claim. Any administration enjoys the privileges of the public authority that renders it a strong party in the dispute. In fact, in most times, it becomes the defendant compared to the position of the individual who stands defenseless with no evidence. This resulted in issuing special rules and procedures for proofing in administrative litigation, the most important of which are related to the authority of the judge in administrative cases, especially with regards to the burden of proof. The study showed that the role of the judge in the elements of proof is two-fold; he exercises a procedural role related to the preparation and progress of the case together with verifying the validity of documents and administrative papers, whereas the objective role relates to the extraction of judicial evidence which contributes to alleviating the general rule of the burden of proof. The most important of those evidences are deviation from authority, complete knowledge and mistakes in upholding responsibility. This role also holds important implications, especially with regards to the authority of the judge in this regard, in addition to his/her positive role through intervention to mitigate the unjust effects of the burden of proof in the proof phase. The research concluded with a number of findings and recommendations, the most important of which is that: the introduction means of proof in civil matters must be to the extent that is commensurate with the nature of administrative articles governed by the doctrine of free evidence, considering that it is compatible with the powers of the judge in general, and the administrative proof in particular. The Yemeni and Moroccan legislators do not adopt this system, preferring as other contemporary legislators a mixed doctrine as in Egypt. A system that is consistent with evide…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Powers of the administrative judge
  topic: keywords
subject: burden of proof
  topic: keywords
subject: administration
  topic: keywords
subject: proof
  topic: keywords
subject: administrative litigation
  topic: keywords
creator: Huda Sultan Al-Athouri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 121
ending page: 162

Compulsory arbitration and its impact on settling labor disputes in Yemeni legislation
type: item
description: This study deals with Compulsory Arbitration and its impact on the settlement of labour disputes. It tackles two important questions; the first is to what extent this approach of settling disputes is constitutional? The second is about arbitration's nature; whether it is judicial or arbitral. The study aims at examining the Yemeni Labour Compulsory Arbitration Law and its relation with the Yemeni Constitution, showing its legal nature and acknowledging the shortcomings of labour committees. The study adopts a descriptive and analytical methodology and is divided into two parts. The first focuses on what is arbitration, whereas the second looks into labour disputes and the committees of settlement. The study ends with some conclusions, the most important of which are the unconstitutionality of settlement committees and deficiencies in the substantive and procedural provisions regulating labour disputes. These deficiencies have a negative impact on the rights of workers. Consequently, this leads to failing to achieve the legislator' purpose of establishing these committees, which is speeding adjudication of cases. Thus, the study recommends the abolition of arbitration committees calling for establishing special judicial courts for quick adjudicating of labour cases.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Administrative judiciary
  topic: keywords
subject: administrative dispute
  topic: keywords
subject: disputes
  topic: keywords
subject: administrative judge
  topic: keywords
creator: Faris Mohammed A. Al-Qadri
creator: Ahmed Abdo Haza’a Al-Jaradi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01
starting page: 165
ending page: 202

Estimating the elbow error in light of administrative judiciary rulings: a comparative study
type: item
description: Usually, individuals in every society resort to public authorities to get their needs, as the administration or public authority has a representative and moral status resulting from the law of its inception. However, these authorities are not able to perform their objectives except by natural persons as its employees in order to manage the public facility to provide services to the public. It may happen that individuals from the public are harmed or their interests are harmed as a result of faults committed by employees of public authorities. One of its employees may make a fault that causes harm to individuals, hence the public facility must be asked about this fault as long as it is related to the public facility`s responsibility. Damage may also occur due to a fault whose perpetrator cannot be identified, while all employees perform their duties without negligence. It is inevitable that fault is related to the organization of the facility itself, but it is not possible to know the exact responsible employee. Hence, the fault will be attributed to the facility and will be considered a public facility fault. Undoubtedly, this indicates negligence by the facility, so it must bear the responsibility and held accountable. Whether the fault can be attributed to a particular employee or not, the facility itself is held responsible for compensating the harm caused. Since the fault is the main pillar for establishing the administrative responsibility, this is what prompted this study to discuss the fault in terms of its nature, form, scope, degree of severity and how it is evaluated by the administrative judiciary in the countries of dual judiciary. The study also considers the extent to which the Yemeni judiciary is affected by the administrative court rulings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Attached error
  topic: keywords
subject: administrative judiciary
  topic: keywords
subject: comparative studies
  topic: keywords
creator: Mutee Ali Hamoud Jubair
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2020-01-01
publication date: 2020-01-01

The Role of Finance in Rationalizing Public Spending: An Applied Study of the Ministry of Finance in the Republic of Yemen
type: item
description: The objective of this research is to explain the role of financial control in organizing the public spending, as an applied study on Ministry of Finance in the Republic of Yemen, as supervision is of great importance in the financial field, because of its constructive role in detecting imbalances and deviations. In addition, the study will focus on determining the causes of deviations and imbalances and ways to treat them to reduce their recurrence in future. The study relied on the descriptive approach, in addition to the analytical approach through the questionnaire and statistical analysis using the SPSS program. Results showed statistically significant role for financial control in the rationalization of public spending at the Ministry of Finance, and that financial control is not efficient nor effective to carry out its supervisory work. In addition, the study showed that Ministry of Finance does not use the latest modern financial control methods. Based on these results, the study presented important recommendations, including the need for supervisory staff with a set of qualities such as integrity and professional behavior, which would lead to activating the role of financial control. In addition, the study highlighted the importance of using the latest methods of financial control, especially in exchange operations.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: financial supervision
  topic: keywords
subject: spending rationalization
  topic: keywords
subject: rationalization of public spending
  topic: keywords
creator: Jihad Mohammed Al-Sanbani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2021-01-01
publication date: 2021-01-01
starting page: 5
ending page: 44

ENHANCED VERTUAL OUTPUT QUEUE MANAGEMENT FOR SLOTTED WDM OPTICAL RING NETWORK
type: item
description: This paper presents a novel algorithm to enhance the performance of the Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM) dual ring network. The proposed Enhanced Virtual Output Queues Management (EVOQM) algorithm provides an elevated fairness for unicast and multicast data in the network and in addition provides extended QoS support. This proposed algorithm optimizes a collaborative resource management strategy to enhance the utilization of network resources and ensures the requested QoS pre-requisites are guaranteed. The realization of this strategy has been achieved by the reduction of the packet loss (i.e. maximizing the total value of transferred packets) in the network. Thus, leading to the improvement of the throughput while adhering to the delay pre-requisites. The performance evaluation of the EVOQM has been done through a detailed and extensive simulation analysis. Metrics of network throughput, packet loss and delay measures, have been the main basis for the acquired results.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Optical Networks
  topic: keywords
subject: Wave Division Multiplexing
  topic: keywords
subject: Slotted WDM ring
  topic: keywords
subject: Virtual Output Queue
  topic: keywords
subject: Resource management
  topic: keywords
subject: Fairness control
  topic: keywords
creator: ua’ad H. A
creator: Shamala S.
creator: Othman M.
creator: Zuriati Z.
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-01
publication date: 2019-01-01
starting page: 329
ending page: 320

Osborne's Look Back in Anger: Lamenting the Downfall of the British Empire
type: item
description: The main objective of this research is to study John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger (1956) and to investigate the implicit theme of lamenting the downfall of the British Empire that resides in the external and obvious theme of anger and discontent that the play is replete with. The research comprises two main parts: the first part is a prelusion about the historical period in which the British Empire began to degrade. There is also a brief summary about Osborne’s drama that elucidates, in a way or another, the theme of the downfall. The second part of the research is devoted to the analysis of the play and to present how the theme of lamenting the downfall is manifested through Jimmy Porter’s and Colonel Redfern’s sense of nostalgia to the Edwardian flourishing era; comparing to the then post-war period in which Great Britain comes to lose its national identity as well as its supremacy as a leading world power. The research comes to conclusion that the play is considered as a turning point in the history of the mid twentieth century British drama. It stands as an elegy to lament the downfall of the British Empire. It could be classified within the post-colonial literature.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lamentation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nostalgia
  topic: keywords
subject: National Identity
  topic: keywords
subject: Supremacy
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulla A. Bukeir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-01
publication date: 2019-01-01
starting page: 279
ending page: 290

Nature of Prefixes in Arabic: A Proposed Classification
type: item
description: Arabic prefixes are one of the most neglected areas in the modern linguistic literature of Arabic. This paper aims to investigate the nature of prefixes in Arabic, and propose a classification for their types and subtypes. This is achieved by defining the potential grammatical and/or semantic functions of prefixes in Arabic through examining their common occurrences in different Arabic contexts. On the basis of their potential functions, types and subtypes of Arabic prefixes are outlined and discussed. It was found that prefixes in Arabic, as in many other languages, are a basic linguistic feature that influences grammar and meaning. Arabic prefixes, as proposed by this study, can be classified into three basic types; particle prefixes, inflectional prefixes and derivational prefixes. It is true that the second and third types might be present in many other languages, but the first type might not, which might make this study interesting. That is, for particles, including prepositions and conjunctions, to be prefixed to words may not exist in many other languages. Particle prefixes can be, then, considered a distinctive linguistic feature for Arabic language. The study concludes with recommending further researches to be conducted in the area of Arabic affixation in general, and in the semantic variations of particle prefixes in different contexts, in particular.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arabic Prefixes
  topic: keywords
subject: Classification
  topic: keywords
subject: Types, Subtypes
  topic: keywords
subject: Particle prefixes
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdusalam M. Gh. Al-Ghrafy
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-01
publication date: 2019-01-01
starting page: 249
ending page: 276

Influence of Culture on Participation in Decision-Making Processes: A Comparative Study between Yemeni and English Universities and Firms
type: item
description: This research empirically examines the influence of cultural participation in decision-making. It discusses the effect of cultural dimensions on the patterns of decision-making between some selected Yemeni and English organizations. In investigating this concern, 20 decisions in four matched Yemeni and English organizations representing widely different cultures are compared and then analyzed through using a comparative case study to examine whether cultural or organizational factors can explain patterns of participation in decision-making processes at the level of organizations studied in both Yemeni and English cultures. The influence of cultural dimensions on these organizations manifests in the way organizations stress the importance of participation in decision-making processes. Participation is examined through involvement and influence elements. The findings show that there are two patterns of participation in decision-making processes. These two patterns demonstrate participation framework for organizational processes in the two Yemeni and English cultures. Thus, the main contribution of this study, other than searching in limited area of research, is to provide an empirical investigation concerning participation patterns in decision-making in relation to Yemeni and English universities and textiles organizations. The framework suggested provides empirical explanation for patterns of participation in decision-making within organizations at the same culture, and then compared across organizational decisions processes in both English and Yemeni culture. These patterns of participation, along with other related organizational factors are discussed in more detail in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Decision making
  topic: keywords
subject: cultural factors
  topic: keywords
subject: participation
  topic: keywords
subject: Yemeni universities
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrazaq M. Q. Almarani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-21
publication date: 2019-01-21
starting page: 217
ending page: 276

Local Governance in Yemen: Six Decades of Disarray
type: item
description: The domain of this research is the study, analysis and comparison of laws and legislations regulating the domestic affairs in Yemen from the early sixties of the past century up to date. The research looks into the wrong orientation of the laws and regulations regarding domestic affairs during the different phases, starting with looking into titles of each regulation and including details of the mechanism of forming national authorities and their mandates. It becomes clear through this research that the majority of legislations of the 1990s, for instance Law No. 52/1991 regarding the national authority, were more developed and mature than the in-force Law No. 4/2000 regarding the national authority. The same is true with the propaganda that followed the so-called "national government system" as an official trend since 2007 up to date, despite risks and defaults in its mechanism for administering the internal domain. This has been embodied by the issuance of the National Strategy of Local Governance 2008-2015. National Governance jumped again to the fore front through adding it to the list of the National vision for Building the New State of Yemen. This research finally reaches to several outcomes and recommendations which the researcher believes to have a role in creating an active mechanism for administering the national domain that benefits from the Yemeni experience in that field for almost six decades, leading to avoiding the quasi and instable conditions witnessed during that period.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Local affairs
  topic: keywords
subject: local administration
  topic: keywords
subject: wandering
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulrahman Ahmed Al-Mukhtar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-01
publication date: 2019-01-01
starting page: 129
ending page: 176

The ruling on credit cards in Islamic law
type: item
description: This study aims to study Islamic Sharia Rule on credit cards through identifying credit cards, types, benefits, costs, parties relationship, and relavant agreements, as well as legitimacy of the contracts between the parties on one hand and legitimacy of using the card through verifying the relationship between the issuer of the card and its holder as well as between the issuer and the retailer, thus coming to a conclusion about legitimacy of credit cards and other related issues. The study reached many results, the most important of which are: - Legitimacy of issuing debit cards, as they do not violate Sharia. - Issuing credit cards indulge in usury. - Charging fees on issuing, renewing and replacement of cards is legitimate, because it is related to the number of times using the cards, but rather for the right given by issuer to the user. - Legitimacy of buying gold and silver by the debit card, as its transactions are considered instant payments. Study Recommendations - The government should have a main role with the private sector in issuing those cards, not letting this process to be administered solely by the private sector. - Islamic banks should establish their own organization instead of dealing with Visa or other organization. - Reconsider cards' contracts and means of issuing and using them.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Credit cards
  topic: keywords
subject: Islamic law
  topic: keywords
subject: legal prohibitions
  topic: keywords
creator: Khaled Ali Al-Qarouti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2019-01-01
publication date: 2019-01-01
starting page: 81
ending page: 125

The war on Yemen: between the justice of the cause and the extent of human suffering
type: item
description: When you defend an issue that is considered just for you and the people to which you belong, you will spare no effort in exerting all the elements of force - whatever its size - to defend and prove its justice, unlike the aggressor. This approach is the starting point of our current study, where the study will seek to identify at first the concept of just war and unjust war and the criteria to achieve those concepts in relation to the war in Yemen for nearly five years, by looking at the international legal and ethical standards For th war. Evidence of war is not fair, and then stand over justice of the war, which Yemenis are fighting, and then the possibility of launching the name “fair war”. On the other hand, it will become clear that the war launched by Saudi Arabia against Yemen is unfair - in accordance with the international and legal standards and conditions in determining the fairness of any war. In addition to highlighting the magnitude of the human suffering by the Yemeni people since the beginning of this war, which has caused - beyond any doubt - a humanitarian catastrophe according to international and humanitarian reports, which we will indicate during the study. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: Yemen's war against Saudi aggression is fair and just according to the standards of just war, because it carries a just cause, and did not target Saudi civilians. The result is that the war launched by the Saudi-led coalition forces is not fair by the internationally accepted standards of just war. The study also revealed the fairness of the cause for which the Yemeni people are fighting, regardless of their names and their political and non-political components. The third conclusion of the study is that: War was and is still the main reason that led to a humanitarian catastrophe and the magnitude of the human suffering caused by this war on the people of Yemen, and other consequences that will be contained in this study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: The war on Yemen
  topic: keywords
subject: the justice of the cause
  topic: keywords
subject: the extent of human suffering
  topic: keywords
creator: Mujahid Saleh Al-Shaabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 43
ending page: 77

The role of the balanced scorecard in evaluating the performance of banks (a field study on Al-Karimi Bank)
type: item
description: This study aimed at investigating the role of balanced scorecard in evaluating the performance of private banks sector in the Republic of Yemen. The descriptive analytical method was used and the theoretical framework was developed by reviewing the previous literature and sources. A questionnaire was developed as an instrument for data collection in which data were processed and analyzed by using SPSS. The sample of the study consists of all members of the top and medium administrations and leaders of the operational administration in banks in the capital Sana’a which are (86) participants. The study has come up with several findings, foremost of which are that the vision and mission and objectives of the bank are worded into the balanced scored card and the bank administration applies in measuring its performance visible strategic performance measurements including traditional financial and non-financial measurements. However, the focus of bank’s strategic objectives on the balanced scorecard and its use of both financial and non-financial measurements does not mean that it applies (BSC); however, these measurements can be re-categorized within the five balanced scorecard dimensions which are: financial, customers, internal process, learning and growth, social dimensions. The study recommended that the bank should continue adopting and developing these measurements in the continuous planning and evaluation process. The study also recommended other banks to use balanced scorecard dimensions in evaluating their performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Balanced Scorecard
  topic: keywords
subject: Performance Evaluation
  topic: keywords
subject: Private Banks Sector
  topic: keywords
subject: Republic of Yemen
  topic: keywords
creator: Jamal Dirham Zaid
creator: Samira Saeed Al-Hamri
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 9
ending page: 39

The Expected Between the Sunnah and the New Rumor: A Study in Islamic Political Thought
type: item
description: This study is an epistemological approach to the topic of rapprochement between Sunnis and Shiites and the efforts made in this framework by both parties. It explores the practical prospects for rapprochement between Sunnis and Shiites. One of the results of this study is the failure of contemporary Islamic political thought, both Sunni and Shiite, to establish a modern Islamic political theory that would serve as a reference for rapprochement between Sunnis and Shiites, or a model that would transcend the boundaries of differences and obstacles, and present Islam as a factor of unity, harmony, love, and great Islamic brotherhood among Muslims regardless of their sects, ethnicities, and interests. Current rapprochement efforts should be transformed into a comprehensive institutional effort by both parties, expanding the scope of international meetings, conferences, individual and group visits, and the exchange of delegations between Sunnis and Shiites on a permanent basis to break down the barriers of isolation and build bridges of encounter and acquaintance, far from fanaticism of opinion and considering each party to be right and the other wrong.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Shiites and Sunnis
  topic: keywords
subject: Sects and sects
  topic: keywords
subject: Reconciling viewpoints
  topic: keywords
creator: Naji Ali Al-Sina'i
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21

Mobility Prediction Scheme for Wireless Cellular Networks
type: item
description: New upcoming wireless cellular networks aim to support a broad range of multimedia services to Mobile Terminal (MT) with guaranteed Quality of Services (QoS). The continuity of multimedia streams during handoff poses a great challenge. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a predictive scheme with more reality assumptions. The proposed scheme integrates the Global Position System (GPS) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurement to provide a better QoS guaranties. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through discrete simulation of realistic wireless cellular environment. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme as compared to the existing schemes is efficient to reduce the Handoff Call Dropping Probability (HCDP), the New Call Blocking Probability (NCBP) and the number of terminated ongoing calls of non-real time traffic. In addition, it is efficient reduce the cancels reservation, the singling overhead and increase the system bandwidth utilization.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Global Position System (GPS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Received Signal Strength (RSS)
  topic: keywords
subject: mobility prediction
  topic: keywords
subject: wireless cellular network
  topic: keywords
creator: Maher Al-Sanabani
creator: Fua'ad H Abdulrazzak and Shamala Subramaniam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 315
ending page: 324

Tradition and the Politics of Interpretation: A Study on Islamic Hermeneutics and its Role in (Re)shaping Our Realities Today
type: item
description: The main critical objective of this study is to present an overview of the development of hermeneutic theory in the Arab-Islamic intellectual tradition and its influence on our realities today. Through a historical and comparative analysis, an attempt will be made to examine the traditional sources of Islamic theories of interpretation to check if there are principles that can be viewed as forming a theory of hermeneutics in Arabic literary, philosophical and cultural tradition. Thus, some light is shed on the Arab-Islamic theories of ta’wil and tafsir within the comparative framework of Western hermeneutics. The study attempts to examine the complex issue of ta’wil through correlation between the concepts of tafsir and ta’wil in the Islamic thought, on the one hand; and the relationship between ta’wil and Western ‘hermeneutics’, on the other. As Arab-Islamic civilization is seen as a text-based civilization (Hadharat al-Nass), ta’wil as the theory and practice of interpretation is an important component of this text-based civilization. Hence, the significance of this study lies in its attempts to show how hermeneutics, as the need of the hour, entails a contemporary application of tradition that embodies a philosophy of living traditions as sites of unfolding meaning and not as relics of the past but as blueprints for the future.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tradition
  topic: keywords
subject: Ta’wil
  topic: keywords
subject: Tafsir
  topic: keywords
subject: Hermeneutics
  topic: keywords
subject: Conflict of Interpretations
  topic: keywords
creator: Ibraheem N. A. Tagaddeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 294
ending page: 312

Challenging the Center: Writing Back to the Canon with Specific Reference to Tayeb Saleh’s Season of Migration to the North and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness
type: item
description: This article falls into the field of ‘post-colonialism’. The act of ‘challenging the center’ refers to an act of liberation from colonial power in relation to three elements: language, history, and text. The focus of the article is the third act of liberation, i.e. the canonical counter-discourse, the re-writing of the canonical stories of the classics of English literature. The study deals with the approach of ‘challenging the canon’ and how far it is useful in the post-colonial context. It illustrates this act of challenge with a detailed analysis of how the well-known Arabic novel, Season of Migration to the North (by the Sudanese writer Tayeb Saleh) challenges the English canonical text, Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness via the following five strategies: questioning stereotypes; projecting colonization as an infecting disease; reversing the sense of superiority; challenging European imperialist economy; and reversing the elements of horror and madness (as a gothic fiction). The article concludes with a note of caution that the act of ‘challenge’ may not necessarily result in an endless cycle of stereotypical defence and attack; it can be a “move forward” as it engages in opening ground for future discussion. The researcher argues here that perhaps we should ‘write back’ to ourselves, giving much more weight to the problems and authors of our own culture, emphasizing that things fall apart in any society only when that society seeks relief outside its own tradition.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Challenging the Center
  topic: keywords
subject: Writing Back to the Canon
  topic: keywords
subject: Specific Reference
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammed Abdullah Hussein Muharram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 281
ending page: 291

Applying the principle of Islamic Sharia as the source of all legislation: justifications and controls (an original study)
type: item
description: The principle of Islamic Sharia as the source of all legislation has been the most important constitutional legal principle in the Yemeni legal system since the introduction of Islam in Yemen in 10 AH. Islamic Sharia in Yemeni society not only represents moral codes that regulate ethics and morals, but also governs relationships between individuals within society, thus serving as the law that regulates individual behavior. This principle stems from the sense among Yemeni individuals of the importance of its application, as it is the hallmark of their religion, civilization, and advancement. Surprisingly, we hear some deviant and alien opinions about Yemeni society that call for omitting this principle from the constitution. Sometimes, we even find them declaring that this principle is the reason for society's lagging behind in civilization, that Sharia does not keep pace with modern scientific developments, and that it contradicts the principles of the modern civil state and the rules of modern international law. Undoubtedly, this statement constitutes slander and an assault on Islamic Sharia. These opinions lack any scientific justification; rather, they are based on emotion and a wrong reaction due to a deviation in the application of the principles of Islamic Sharia. What is astonishing is that those who oppose this principle of implementing Islamic law claim to be patriotic and nationalist, yet we find them denying the legal heritage of Yemeni society, which is based on the true religion of Islam. However, we find Western legal thought reviving the Roman legal heritage based on paganism, and even taking pride in it. Meanwhile, we find our thinkers fighting our legal heritage, attempting to obliterate it, and adopting Western laws based on the pagan intellectual and legal heritage of the Romans and Greeks. There is no doubt that these people have wronged themselves and their societies by importing these Western laws from Muslim Yemeni society.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Principles of Sharia
  topic: keywords
subject: Yemeni society
  topic: keywords
subject: Muslim community
  topic: keywords
subject: Community heritage
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Abdul Malik Mohsen Al-Mahbashi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 135
ending page: 181

Military Intervention Under the Rules of International Law: Yemen as a Model
type: item
description: The intervention of the Saudi-led Arab coalition in Yemen has raised a number of questions regarding the justifications for its legitimacy, objectives, and reasons, and its compliance with international law. This is particularly true given the differing arguments of the states supporting the intervention. A new problem has also arisen through some states' attempts to establish new practices and views, rendering the authorization of the use of force by the Security Council unnecessary for states and organizations to intervene. Rather, a Security Council resolution stating that the humanitarian situation constitutes a threat to international peace and security is sufficient. This research clarifies and discusses the concept of international intervention and its types. It also studies and analyzes military intervention in Yemen and the extent to which it complies with international law. The implications of the intervention of the coalition states in Yemen are then explained. The researcher reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most important of which are: The disagreement among international law scholars regarding the concept and legitimacy of intervention revolves around the right of one or more states to intervene outside the scope of international law. Intervention undertaken by the United Nations, however, is almost unanimously agreed upon among legal scholars. Furthermore, the principles underlying international relations between states are based more on political visions than on the provisions of international law and national constitutions. The military intervention and war on Yemen are considered an unjust war that has crossed all legal and political boundaries and constitutes an aggression against Yemeni and Arab national security, as it is a war of comprehensive destruction for both parties. The Yemeni situation is exceptional among modern armed conflicts and evidence of the contradictions of international justice. Dealing selectively with …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Military intervention
  topic: keywords
subject: international law
  topic: keywords
subject: protection
  topic: keywords
subject: violations
  topic: keywords
creator: Yahya Ali Al-Sarabi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21
starting page: 47
ending page: 131

The Arab Spring revolutions and their role in creating a culture of political extremism among young people (a case study of Yemen)
type: item
description: Youth represent the main pillar in the development and growth of countries in various fields. They are the strategic reserve and the main lever for the growth and development of those countries. When they want to destroy any nation, their youth are targeted by undermining the culture of this pivotal group in the societies of those nations. When we read history carefully and contemplatively, we will find that most of the popular revolutions and waves of change and reform in the entire world were based on the youth group. They were the main tool for change. If we stop a little at the events that Yemen witnessed starting in 2011 AD, which cast their shadows on the reality of the situation until the date of preparing this study, we will find that the youth were the ones who took to the streets to demand change and the elimination of corruption that had spread throughout the joints of Yemeni society and the Yemeni state alike. However, the exploitation of those youth by some religious groups and parties to achieve their political goals emptied those goals of their content, and even destroyed the dreams of the youth for change, as what happened can be described as nothing more than a process of reproducing the previous regime with different figures and tools slightly different from what It was there, and the youth did not go out to eliminate it.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arab Spring
  topic: keywords
subject: Youth revolutions
  topic: keywords
subject: Searching for freedom
  topic: keywords
subject: Overthrowing regimes
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Isham Abdullah Al-Eryani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-09-21
publication date: 2025-09-21